Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework

Self-esteem is a pervasive individual characteristic with major consequences for people's lives. Recent research demonstrated normative change and substantial differences in across the lifespan, which triggered great interest sources of self-esteem development. This article provides an overview present state field First, to gain comprehensive picture, I reviewed findings different indicators: mean-level change, rank-order stability, (fluctuations). Second, theory empirical evidence on response non-normative life events domains school/work social relationships. Third, situational processes psychological mechanisms integrated theoretical approaches from personality developmental, social-personality psychology process-oriented framework development events. Finally, discussed directions methodological advancements.